Indonesia colonized by some country because Indonesia have
many kinds of spices. Portugal is the first country that colonized Indonesia.
Portugal went through Africa’s beaches and Indian waters to reach Indonesia,
and they finally came to North Sumatera in 1509. Their purpose at first was
trading but then they started to monopoly the trade. Then Portuguese fought
against the natives, and they won. The news reached Europe. The news made other
countries in Europe want to take over Indonesia.
In 1521, Spain came to Maluku. Both Portugal
and Spain wanted to take over Indonesia, then they fought each other. Portugal
won against Spain in 1529. Portugal made Saragossa agreement with Spain. Both
countries signed the agreement. Based on the agreement, Portugal may take over
Indonesia, both the waters and lands. Portugal colonized Indonesia for more
than a century.
In 1602, the Dutch colonized Indonesia. They colonized
Indonesia for about 3,5 centuries, it is the longest period. For about 6
generations Indonesian fought the Dutch. Indonesian suffered during that
period, but only the physical. The Dutch forced Indonesian people to work hard
without giving any salaries. The poor couldn’t go to school, only rich people
could go to school. The poor people were the ones that forced to work. The
Dutch forced Indonesian people to build road from Anyer, one of town in Banten
to Panarukan, one of regency in East Java. It is 1000 km length. The Dutch also
made a public company named VOC.
VOC stands for Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie. VOC made in 20 March 1602. VOC
monopolied Indonesian trade. VOC defunct on 31 December 1799. France colonized
Indonesia in 1806. France won against the Dutch. But the Dutch didn’t back to
their country. The Dutch and France colonized Indonesia together. France took
over Java Island only. In 1811, England started colonize Indonesia, and France’s
position as colonizer in Indonesia ends. England also colonized Java Island
only. In 1816, the Dutch started to colonize Indonesia again because of
convention London. In convention London, the Dutch can take over Indonesia from
England.
In 1942, Japan won against the
Dutch and started to colonize Indonesia. Indonesian people suffered both
physical and mental during Japan’s authority. Japan came to Indonesia with the
reason that Japan and Indonesia is related, both are in Asia. Japan promised
Indonesia to give them independence. Japan also made 3A. 3A made in 29 April
1942. Shimizu Hitoshi is the pioneer of 3A movement. Japan made it for their
own advantage. 3A was “Nippon Pemimpin Asia” or Japan leads Asia, “Nippon
Pelindung Asia” or Japan protects Asia, and “Nippon Tcahaya Asia” or Japan
lights Asia. 3A movement, Japan is related to Indonesia, and promised of giving
independence was just a trick to made Indonesia helps Japan in World War 2, and
Indonesia fell for it. But 3A wasn’t success to make Indonesian people help
Japan in World War 2. So, Japan dispersed 3A movement in 1943 and replaced with
Putera. Putera is an organization that Japan made on 16 April 1943. Putera stands
for Pusat Tenaga Rakyat. Putera lasted for a year only. Japan replaced Putera
with Jawa Hokokai. Japan made Jawa Hokokai in 1 March 1944. Jawa Hokokai was an
organization that Japan made to help them in World War 2.
Because of the
lose for World War 2, Japan was surrender from Indonesia. Japan had many
disadvantage because of the lose of World War 2. And Indonesia is officially
independent in 17 August 1945. And to remind people of Indonesian people hard
struggle during Japan, Dutch, Portugal, France, England, and Spain colonization,
they have a ceremony in 17 August every year.
(Mela - Speak Up PreAdvanced)
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